Which term refers to the set of knowledge or content that students should demonstrate by a point in their learning progression, including declarative and procedural knowledge?

• A. Learning Objectives
• B. Learning Environment
• C. Gaps in Academic Knowledge
• D. Learning Standards

Answer: (D)

Learning standards specify what students should know and be able to do by a given point in their learning progression, and they cover both declarative knowledge (facts and concepts) and procedural knowledge (how to perform skills). This broad, progression-wide focus guides curriculum, instruction, and assessment to ensure students meet consistent expectations across grade levels. By contrast, learning objectives are more specific targets for a particular lesson or unit, the learning environment refers to the setting where learning happens, and gaps in academic knowledge describe what a student still needs to learn rather than the established content students should demonstrate.