What constitutes 'evidence of student thinking' in Task 3?

• A. Student responses, processes, problem-solving strategies, and reasoning captured in artifacts.
• B. Only final answers.
• C. Teacher notes and impressions.
• D. Standardized test scores.

Answer: (B)

Evidence of student thinking in Task 3 comes from the student's reasoning and problem-solving as it unfolds, visible in the work they produce. Look for student responses, the steps they take, the strategies they apply, and the explanations they offer, all captured in artifacts like written work, diagrams, think-aloud transcripts, or recorded discussions. This evidence shows how a student builds understanding, where misconceptions arise, and how they justify their conclusions. Final answers alone reveal nothing about the thinking process; teacher notes reflect the teacher’s interpretation, and standardized test scores measure broader performance and don’t illuminate how a student approached a specific task.